First American Born Painter to Attend and Exhibit at the Ecole Des Beaux Arts Paris
| Elizabeth Jane Gardner | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of Gardner, ca 1860 | |
| Born | (1837-10-04)Oct iv, 1837 Exeter, New Hampshire, U.S. |
| Died | January 28, 1922(1922-01-28) (aged 84) Paris, France |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Young Ladies' Female University in Exeter, New Hampshire. Lasell Female Seminary in Auburndale Massachusetts |
| Known for | Painting |
| Spouse(due south) | William-Adolphe Bouguereau (chiliad. 1896) |
Elizabeth Jane Gardner Bouguereau (Oct 4, 1837 – Jan 28, 1922) was an American bookish and salon painter, who was born in Exeter, New Hampshire.[1] She was an American expatriate who died in Paris where she had lived virtually of her life. She studied in Paris nether the figurative painter Hugues Merle (1823–1881), the well-known salon painter Jules Joseph Lefebvre (1836–1911), and finally nether William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905). After Bouguereau's wife died, Gardner became his paramour and later on the death of his mother, who bitterly opposed the union, she married him in 1896. She adopted his subjects, compositions, and even his smooth facture, channeling his style so successfully that some of her work might exist mistaken for his. In fact, she was quoted every bit saying, "I know I am censured for not more than boldly asserting my individuality, only I would rather exist known as the best imitator of Bouguereau than be nobody!"[2]
Gardner'southward best known piece of work may be The Shepherd David Triumphant (1895), which shows the young shepherd with the lamb he has rescued. Amidst her other works were Cinderella, Cornelia and Her Jewels, Corinne, Fortune Teller, Maud Muller, Daphne and Chloe, Ruth and Naomi, The Farmer'southward Daughter, The Breton Wedding, and some portraits.
Early on and art education [edit]
Gardner outset attended the Young Ladies' Female Academy in Exeter and and then moved on to the Lasell Female Seminary in Auburndale, Massachusetts,[iii] where she studied art and languages, learning English language, French, Italian and German language. She graduated in 1856 and spent the adjacent few years didactics French at a newly opened school in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1864, after teaching art at Lasell Seminary, she and Imogene Robinson left for France. To pay her hire, she spent her time copying paintings by contemporary artists and older masters in prestigious galleries. Later, in the fall of that year, Gardner decided to use to the École des Beaux-Arts. This school was known as the nearly prestigious art academy in Paris. Her application was rejected. Similar most if non all fine art establishments at that time the school was male only. The ban on women's applications was non lifted until 1897, thirty-v years after Gardner had applied. Nonetheless, Gardner did not requite up. She connected to enroll in private classes and to build an outstanding portfolio of fine art work.
Career [edit]
Soon after Gardner arrived in Paris with her quondam teacher, Imogene Robinson, she began copying pictures at the Luxembourg Museum, and Gardner'south studio became a place where Americans requested commissioned copies of their favorite European paintings. In a letter to her blood brother, Gardner noted, "Americans are buying many pictures. I have always had the satisfaction of pleasing those for whom I have painted. One admirer was so satisfied with a copy I did for him that he paid me more than I asked."[iv] She briefly studied with Jean-Baptiste-Ange Tissier earlier leaving in 1865 to join an independent cooperative women's studio.
In 1868, Gardner was the first American woman to showroom at the Paris Salon.[1] Also during that time period, her paintings were accepted in 25 Paris Salons.[i] Awarded a gold medal at the 1872 Salon, she became the starting time woman ever to receive such an honor. Gardner Bouguereau's works were accepted to the Salon more than than any other woman painter in history and more than all but a few of the men.
The biggest challenge to her training was the restriction on women studying anatomy from nude models. She circumvented this brake by donning male attire to gain admittance to the all-male person cartoon school at Manufacture Nationale des Gobelins et de la Savonnerie. In 1873, Gardner was finally admitted to the previously all-male Académie Julian, where she studied with Jules-Joseph Lefebvre and Bouguereau.[5]
Gardner exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman'southward Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.[6]
Relationship with Bouguereau [edit]
Gardner'southward human relationship with William-Adolphe Bouguereau was widely known and discussed within the Parisian artistic community. They made no secret of their relationship over the class of an date that was to last seventeen years. The couple courted for seventeen years considering they had a great fright of crossing Bougereau'southward female parent. When she died in 1896 at the historic period of 91, the couple did not waste product any time in getting married. Mary French, wife of the American sculptor Daniel Chester French later recalled that she had "interesting memories...of Bouguereau'southward studio, where nosotros used to get often, and where was also Miss Jennie Gardner of Exeter, New Hampshire, whom he either married or didn't ally – I have forgotten the details. There was a sure glamour of that young woman of Puritan birth, a contemporary of my Puritan aunts, living there in the Latin Quarter and doing something that all Paris talked about."
Personal attributes [edit]
Gardner was very independent and feisty. Like the creative person Rosa Bonheur, she applied to the police for a permit that would allow her to wear men's attire and then she could attend life classes at the famous Gobelins tapestry works.[seven] She was an astute businesswoman and an excellent linguist, switching easily from her native English to French, Italian or German in order to make her guests and potential clients feel at ease. She excelled in the social graces and knew how to manage publicity and nurture relationships that would help further her career. Her ability to work her way into the social networks in Paris earned her sales and portrait commissions.
Cultural significance of La Confidence [edit]
One of Gardner's nigh well-known works, La Confidence (ca. 1880) is in the collection of the Georgia Museum of Art. This painting depicts an intimate, whispered secret betwixt ii young peasant girls. The painting was given to the Lucy Cobb Found, an all-girls school in Athens, Georgia. Hung in the cartoon room parlor of the school, the work was beloved in the school's collection and was viewed as having a "moralizing purpose" for the young girls enrolled in the finishing school. In 1991, painter, filmmaker and University of Georgia filmmaker James Herbert (director) appropriated Gardner's painting and several others from the Georgia Museum of Art'south drove and reinterpreted the image in the video for Athens band R.E.M.'s vocal "Low"[8] from the anthology Out of Time.
Gallery [edit]
Gardner's piece of work bears a strong resemblance to that of her husband, William-Adolphe Bouguereau
-
La Conviction (1880)
-
David the Shepherd
-
The Imprudent Daughter [9]
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d "Elizabeth Jane Gardner Bouguereau". National Museum of Women in the Arts . Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^ Wissman, Fronia E. Bouguereau. Pomegranate Artbooks, 1996, p. 116.
- ^ Brownish, Janice (Nov 2, 2015). "New Hampshire's Nigh Historic Artist: Exeter's Elizabeth Jane (Gardner) Bouguereau (1837-1922)". Cow Hampshire . Retrieved February 13, 2022.
- ^ Gardner, Elizabeth Jane (January 28, 1867). Letter to John Gardner. Elizabeth Jane Gardner's Papers, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
- ^ Manoguerra, Paul (2011). One Hundred American Paintings. Athens, GA: Georgia Museum of Art.
- ^ Nichols, K. L. "Women'south Art at the Globe'southward Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893". Retrieved Baronial xi, 2018.
- ^ Gaze, Delia (1997). Dictionary of Women Artists. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 568.
- ^ R.East.Thousand. video for "Low"
- ^ "Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau – Ceremonious State of war Women". civilwarwomenblog.com. April 24, 2015. Retrieved Feb 6, 2017.
Bibliography [edit]
- Pearo, Charles. "Elizabeth Jane Gardner (1837–1922): Tracing the Structure of Artistic Identity" (Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2002).
- Pearo, Charles. "Elizabeth Jane Gardner: 'the All-time Imitator of Bouguereau'." In In the Studios of Paris: William Bouguereau and His American Students, edited by James Frederick Peck, 59–78. New Oasis: Exhibition catalog from the Philbrook Museum of Art distributed by Yale Academy Press, 2006.
- Fidell-Beaufort, "Elizabeth Jane Gardner Bouguereau: A Parisian Artist from New Hampshire," Archives of American Art Journal 24 (1984), two–3.
- Adler, Hirscher, Weinberg, Americans in Paris: 1860–1900, Exhibition Catalog, National Gallery Company Express, 2006
External links [edit]
- Works by Elizabeth Jane Gardner at the Art Renewal Center
- Biography, fineoldart.com
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Jane_Gardner
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